Despite the established benefits of early childhood education to improve learner performance, only 9% of children aged 2 to 4 are enrolled in the country's national child development centers (NCDCs) and child development centers (CDCs) for school year (SY) 2022-2023.
Senator Win Gatchalian flagged this figure during a hearing on bills that seek to strengthen early childhood care and development (ECCD) in the country. Citing data from the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA), the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), and the Early Childhood Care and Development Council (ECCDC), Gatchalian pointed out that only 608,614 of the 6,835,586 total estimated children aged 2 to 4 are enrolled in NCDCs and CDCs, which falls far short of the goal of achieving universal ECCD coverage.
According to the UNICEF Early Childhood Education Kindergarten to Grade 4 Longitudinal Study in 2021, learners who received early childhood education had better average scores in Literacy (697) by Grade 4 compared to those who did not (672). Those who received early childhood education also had better average scores in Mathematics (702) compared to those who did not (671).
Based on a May 2023 policy note by state think tank Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS), the low pre-kindergarten participation is partly attributed to parents' perception that children aged 4 to 5 years old are still too young to go to school. This perception was reflected in the Functional Literacy, Education and Mass Media Survey (FLEMMS) 2019, where 98% of parents believed that children within this age bracket are too young to attend school.
The PIDS also noted the unequal distribution of the country's 56,400 daycare centers between first-class and lowest income municipalities. In 2022, the DSWD reported that around 14 percent of local government units, particularly low-income municipalities, have yet to establish their centers.
Gatchalian's Basic Education and Early Childhood Education Alignment Act (Senate Bill No. 2029) seeks to ensure the alignment of the ECCD curriculum and the K to 12 basic education curriculum. It also mandates greater responsibilities on local government units for the implementation of ECCD programs to include, among others, the achievement of universal coverage for the ECCD system and the augmentation of funds and resources.
"There are also a lot of structural issues that we need to identify and correct. Without strengthening and clearing this structure in place, it is very difficult to roll out a national program that is being implemented by a local government unit. We have about 1,500 local government units, and it is very difficult for them to evenly implement a national program if the structure is not in place," the lawmaker said.
Mababang enrollment sa early childhood education ikinababahala ni Gatchalian
Bagama't malinaw na may benepisyo ang early childhood education sa mga mag-aaral, 9% lamang ng mga batang 2 hanggang 4 na taong gulang ang naka-enroll sa mga national child development centers (NCDCs) at mga child development centers (CDCs) para sa School Year 2022-2023.
Pinuna ito ni Senador Win Gatchalian sa isang pagdinig sa Senado na tumatalakay sa pagpapatatag ng early childhood care and development (ECCD) sa bansa. Batay sa datos ng Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA), Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), at Early Childhood Care and Development Council (ECCDC), lumalabas na 608,614 lamang sa 6,835,586 na bilang ng mga batang may edad na 2 hanggang 4 ang naka-enroll sa mga NCDC at CDC, malayo sa target na universal coverage para sa ECCD.
Ayon sa UNICEF Early Childhood Education Kindergarten to Grade 4 Longitudinal Study noong 2021, mas mataas ang marka sa Literacy (697) pagdating sa Grade 4 ng mga mag-aaral na nakatanggap ng early childhood education kung ihahambing sa mga hindi nakatanggap nito (672). Mas mataas din ang score sa Mathematics (702) ng mga nakatanggap ng early childhood education kung ihahambing sa mga hindi nakatanggap nito (671).
Batay sa isang policy note ng Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS), isa sa mga itinuturong dahilan kung bakit mababa ang enrollment sa pre-kindergarten ay ang pakiwari ng mga magulang na masyado pang bata ang mga batang 4 hanggang 5 taong gulang para pumasok. Batay sa Functional Literacy, Education and Mass Media Survey (FLEMMS) 2019, lumalabas na 98% ng mga magulang ang naniniwalang masyado pang maaga para sa mga batang nasa ganitong edad ang mag-aral.
Pinuna rin ng PIDS ang hindi pantay na distribusyon ng 56,400 daycare centers sa pagitan ng mga first-class at lowest income municipalities. Iniulat din ng DSWD noong 2022 na 14% ng mga local government units, lalo na ang mga low-income municipalities, ang wala pang mga ganitong center.
Sa ilalim ng Basic Education and Early Childhood Education Alignment Act na inihain ni Gatchalian (Senate Bill No. 2029), titiyakin ang ugnayan sa pagitan ng K to 12 basic education curriculum at ECCD curriculum. Layon din ng panukalang batas na palawakin ang responsibilidad ng mga local government units sa pagpapatupad ng ECCD programs, kabilang ang pagkamit ng universal coverage para sa ECCD system at ang paglalaan ng karagdagang pondo at mga resources.
"May mga isyu sa pamamahala na kailangan nating tugunan. May 1,500 local government units tayo at napakahirap para sa kanilang magkaroon ng pantay-pantay na pagpapatupad ng programa kung hindi natin aayusin ang sistema," giit ng mambabatas.
