A seminar presenting the paper of Dr. Jose Edgardo L. Campos "On the Political Economy of Policy Reform: From Import Substitution to Export-Oriented Industrialization". The paper looked into the characteristics of import substitution and export-oriented industrialization. The case of Taiwan is used to illustrate the relevance of colonization experience to the development process of a country and of being a strong State before a country can successfully shift its policies from import substitution to export-oriented industrialization.